Throughout the summer, males travel over large areas to enhance their chances for encountering mates. Alert: Stay up to date on Maine's COVID-19 Response, Home → Fish & Wildlife → Wildlife → Species Information → Mammals → Black Bears. One of our most celebrated and treasured animals is the black bear. 41 State House Station A big part of managing bear nuisance problems involves modifying human behavior to lessen the number of negative bear/human interactions. Bears store body fat during the fall months to supply energy during their long winter denning period, and are heaviest in late fall. Maine is home to the … ... Are there moose or bears in Acadia? TTY: Maine Relay 711 Although most black bears are not much larger than humans, their weight can vary tremendously with the season of the year. The variables that cause these differences are many and complicated and are not easy to predict, measure, or even identify. In order to maintain a stable bear population, we must have a good understanding of the number of bears entering the population (recruitment) to replace losses. The black bear is the smallest of the three species of bears inhabiting North America (black, brown/grizzly, and polar), has the widest distribution on the continent, and is the only bear living in the eastern United States. Just ask the Brewer woman who shot a video of one in her backyard. The information we use to assess the bear population and bear habitat is documented in a written bear management system (PDF) developed in1986, which contains criteria for decision-making and management options. When beechnuts were the primary fall food for bears in northern Maine, most cubs were born in odd-numbered years in response to alternating years of high beechnut crops. Since many moose tip the scales at 1,000 pounds or more, with antlers spanning six feet, it’s no wonder making visual contact with a Maine … For years, there haven’t been enough bear hunters taking enough bears in Maine, so the number of bears in Maine has doubled over the past 35 years, and is now estimated at 35,000. Many hunters find success each year but an average of 65% of successful hunters in the state hire a registered guide. No. Although many people enjoy an abundant bear population, too many bears can create problems for the bears and the people who live with them. It is "our finger on the pulse of the bear population". Since black bears do not have any natural predators, it would be very easy for the population to grow to an unsustainable level, leading to starvation, disease, and death. Females are smaller, weighing 100-400 pounds, and measuring 4-5 feet in length. Nutrition plays a major role in determining the number of cubs that are produced, and cub survival through their first year. 6. To prevent conflicts with black bears each spring (April 1-October 1): Each year, primarily in the spring and early summer, the Department receives numerous calls from homeowners when bears have destroyed bird feeders or disturbed garbage. We ear-tag many males while trapping and in the dens as well. A bear management goal of providing continued hunting, trapping and viewing opportunity for bears was established by 1) stabilizing the bear population’s growth by 2005 at no less than current (1999) levels, 2) creating information and education programs to promote traditional hunting and trapping methods as preferred and valid tools to manage the state’s black bear population, and 3) creating information and education programs to promote public tolerance of bears. The Maine black bear monitoring program is a long-term project designed to continually gather data regarding the status of our bear population. Tracks of female bears rarely exceed 4.5 inches in width; males leave tracks up to 6 inches wide. Males can weigh as much as 250 pounds; females tip the scales around 125 to 150 pounds. https://mainehuts.org/discover/blog/3-most-dangerous-animals-maine-woods There are no Brown Bears, but there are brown bears. Recent studies indicate that bears lose about 25 percent of their body weight and 29 percent of their muscle strength during torpor. In 1981, the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife took over Roy's project and established a new study area near Bradford (north of Old Town) in 1982. Bears are not true hibernators, but instead enter torpor, a state of dormancy during which their body temperature and metabolic rate drop. Most conflicts with bears can be prevented by removing common food attractants around homes. Females usually bear two or three cubs every other year in the winter den. Radiocollars send out a signal revealing each bear's location in her den as she hibernates under the winter snow. A total of between 85 and 110 radiocollared female bears are monitored each year in all three study areas combined. 3. The spring represents a period of food stress, as most bears emerge from the den. Less than half of newborn cubs may die before reaching their first birthday, with starvation being a major cause of death. Cubs stay with their mother for up to a year and a half, with as much as the first five months spent in the den. Black bears in Maine are normally black, but they are often various shades of brown to cream colored in western populations, and are even white, and blue-gray in color in coastal British Columbia and Alaska. In the last 30 years in Maine, only a handful people have been injured by bears. One important hazard are our moose on the roads. At that time, the Spectacle Pond area was lightly hunted; whereas, bears in the Stacyville area experienced heavy hunting pressure. The fall documents a period when bears are feeding intensively to build fat stores for surviving a winter of fasting. This long period of parental care leads to females bears producing litters every other year. Bear cubs are born with blue eyes, which turn brown during their first summer. KENNEBUNK, Maine — People in York County are being asked to be on the lookout after several bear sightings. This setting should only be used on your home or work computer. 7. We use data collected from annual harvests and telemetry studies to guide bear management decisions in Maine. Table 1. We have found marked differences in reproduction, survival, and recruitment between study areas as well as within study areas over time while habitat and weather conditions change. There are many of them but they don't want to be seen. Periodic trapping efforts are necessary to maintain a representative sample of bears in each study area. Bears are active in late fall as long as food is plentiful. The annual bag limit is 2 bears per year with one taken by either hunting or trapping or both. Black bears lead solitary lives, except for breeding pairs, family groups comprised of adult females and their offspring, and occasional aggregations at concentrated food sources. 2021 Bear Hunting Season: Hunt August 30th (Arrive on the 29th) thru September 3rd; or hunt September 6th (Arrive on September 5th) thru September 10th. This post was first published in 2007 and has been updated. When feeding on a concentrated food source, bears may use areas as small as several acres; when searching for dispersed food or mates, they can cover several miles in a day. A member of the America East Conference, the University of Maine sponsors teams in eight men's and nine women's NCAA sanctioned sports. By contrast, humans on bed rest for a similar length of time, although eating a balanced diet, have lost 54 percent of their muscle strength. The Maine Black Bears are the athletic teams that represent the University of Maine. There are many bear outfitters or bear guides to choose from. This assessment (PDF) provides the scientific basis for management goals. Follow along with photographer Carl D. Walsh as he accompanied wildlife biologist Randy Cross and his crew of technicians in the Maine black bear monitoring program. Jen Barrett was sitting in a chair in her backyard when she got an uninvited visitor. Bears are opportunists, and feed on a wide range of vegetation and animal matter. 1. Each fall, bear hunters enter the Maine woods in hopes of harvesting a black bear. Cubs weigh about 12 ounces at birth, and depend on their mother for warmth and nutrition during the remainder of the winter. About 30,000 black bears (Ursus americanus) live in New England. 10 Things to Know About Maine Black Bears 1. Black bears breed from May through August, with most breeding activity peaking in June and July. Their survival increases as they mature. Black bears are found in most forested areas from Mexico north to the edge of the tree line in Canada and Alaska. Each field season of data collection still reveals unexpected surprises. Within a year, non-resident participation exceeded resident participation. Each year there are more black bears killed in Maine, from 740 in 1974 to 1008 in 1976. The Maine coastal climate has been ranked second only to the Pacific Northwest in annual precipitation, which occurs in every form. Fall foods are especially important to pregnant female black bears who need sufficient fat stores for fetal development and milk production. Female yearlings are equipped with radiocollars, which allow us to follow them throughout their lives after leaving their mothers the following summer. How do biologists determine the proper number of animals that needs to be harvested? Maine’s bear population remained fairly stable through 2005, but has been increasing over the last 5 years and our current estimate is between 24,000 and 36,000 bears. More recently, cubs are born in both years in northern Maine, following several years of lower but consistent beechnut crops. Adult males average 250-600 pounds, and measure 5-6 feet from tip of nose to the tip of their tail. With over 35,000 black bears roaming the woods in Maine, there is plenty of opportunity for hunters. Harvest regulations are applied uniformly statewide, with no regional controls on hunting effort. Roy compared population characteristics of the bears living in these 2 study areas for his PhD. This diet is supplemented with insects, including ants and bees (their larvae, adults, and honey), and occasional mammals and birds. That’s one reason southern Maine bears are somewhat larger on average than those to the north are. Bears often make trips up to 40 miles outside of their ranges to feed on berries or nuts (or occasionally to an orchard or field of oats or corn) in late summer or fall. To view PDF documents, you will need the free Adobe Reader. 2. There are more black bears in Maine (about 8500) than anywhere east of the Mississippi. When they emerge from their winter den as yearling bears, they remain with their mother until she goes into estrus in the spring. Traditionally, beechnut production has been linked to cub production in northern Maine, but these nuts have been less reliable in recent years and are less important in southern areas. 10. They grow to 4-10 pounds by mid-late April, when the mother leads them away from the den. Summary of black bear permit numbers in Maine. Maine is home to more than 35,000 of the bears, up from just 23,000 less than 15 years ago. They supplement with insects (including beetles, ants, and bee larvae) and the occasional fish, small mammal, bird, or carrion. Harvests there in the past three years have been 243 (2016), 312 (2015) and 286 (2014). Maine has a healthy and stable population of black bears – the largest in the eastern United States, in fact. If they know of any easy food source they will use it, but they generally travel at night to avoid detection. If late fall food is scarce, bears usually enter dens in October. To learn more about preventing bear conflicts in back yards, while camping, hiking, see Living with Black Bears. Their eyes don't glow in the head lights like other animals. In 2004, the Stacyville study area was discontinued and a new study area was created in Downeast Maine (northeast of Beddington). In the spring, it takes about two weeks after rousing from torpor for bears to return to normal activity levels. We regulate bear numbers primarily through annual hunting and trapping harvests. Black Bear sightings in Maine in April, May, and June are not uncommon, but the sight of one can certainly be unexpected. Bears can be hunted over bait during the first 4 weeks of the season, with hounds for a 6 week period that overlaps the last 2 weeks of the bait season, and by still hunting and stalking throughout the entire season. 9. By 1900, they were gone from the Adirondacks. Although, female bears remain within or near the range of their mother their entire life, male bears disperse long distances (often up to 100 miles) as subadults (1-4 years of age) prior to settling into adult ranges that may exceed 100 miles squared. The Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) is found on the Pacific rim. Beginning in 1990, a bear hunting permit has been required to hunt bears in September and October. This study area was established to address a longstanding need to better represent a portion of Maine's bear population in eastern Maine living under habitat conditions not well represented by the other 2 existing study areas. Maine is home the the black bear (Ursus americanus), but there are may color phases of them- black, blonde, cinnamon, brown, even blue (in western Canada). 5. In years when fall foods are abundant, bears will feed until snow makes travel difficult, and normally enter dens in late November. Although black bears breed in the summer, fetal development is delayed until early winter, after the female has entered a den. Most conflicts with bears can be prevented by removing common food attractants around homes. They will try to avoid humans as much as humans try to avoid them. Today, hunting pressure is more evenly distributed across the bears' range in Maine. Black bears mate during the early summer months. 8. Black bear are the most timid and least dangerous of the bears found in North America. Physical Address: Since 1975, we’ve monitored bears in four separate study areas across the state. BLUE HILL — Bear sightings and complaints in Maine doubled during 2012. The Department also changed the focus of the project by using radiocollared females in each study area to represent bears across the state that are living in similar habitat conditions to that study area. The program began as a study in 1975 when Roy Hugie in cooperation with the Department established 2 study areas consisting of 4 townships each - Spectacle Pond (20 miles West of Ashland) and Stacyville (near Patten). However, if they do survive and can avoid the other main cause of death — 90 percent of adult black bear mortality is due to hunting and other human activities — they can live to about 30 years old in the wild. Our population objective is to stabilize the bear population (no significant increase or decrease in numbers) through traditional hunting and trapping activities. This may include advice on taking in bird feeders, handling outside trash, and how to prevent damage to agricultural crops. Bears store body fat during the fall months to supply energy during their long winter denning period, and are heaviest in late fall. For the first 8 years, Maine residents purchased the majority of permits and permit numbers fluctuated between 10,000 and 11,000 (Table 1). By 2002, permit sales peaked at over 15,000. Marathon champion Moninda Marube was chased by two bears who emerged out of the woods and charged at him while he was on a training run. These goals are set about every 15 years. If a female is unable to store sufficient body fat prior to entering the den, the pregnancy is terminated. Maine is home to the largest population of black bears – 30,000 – in the lower 48 states, according to the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. Bears in Maine utilize a wide assortment of natural foods, and the food types that are available in each study area are quite different. Our largest harvested bears have ranged from 480 pounds to 600 pounds! In addition, Maine has a small human population (1.3 million) that is mostly concentrated in the southern third of the state where bear densities are lower and therefore bear-human conflicts are less numerous. Black bear management is a balancing act between maintaining a healthy and abundant population for all to enjoy, and limiting the growth of the bear population so that bear nuisance problems do not cross the line of public tolerance. Maine has 69,050 km2 of bear habitat, consisting of mostly second-growth conifer-deciduous forest that provides an ample supply of bear foods (berries, nuts, fruits, and carrion). Choosing Your Bear Hunting Guide or Outfitter. Bears can run at speeds of up to 35 miles per hour. North Maine Woods Black Bear Hunting. Since 1990, Maine’s bear season framework has remained fairly constant with a 3-month fall hunting season that opens the last Monday in August and closes the last Saturday in November. These marked males offer additional information regarding their movements and mortality when they are re-encountered through hunter harvest, roadkill or our own trapping efforts. A black bear got caught on camera raiding my neighbor’s beehive last summer. A map from the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife shows Arundel to be in the "peripheral range" of black bear movement. Starting in 2008, trappers and non-resident deer hunters are required to purchase a permit to harvest a black bear. The Wells Police Department reported that there were no injuries to the driver. Although the howl of the wolf has been mostly silent in the Northeast for over a hundred years, individual wild wolves … With limited funding, we can more efficiently measure cub production and survival directly during our winter den visits. In the lower 48 states, wild grizzly bears are found only in a section of Montana, Wyoming around Yellowstone National Park and remnant populations in sections of Idaho and extreme northwestern … Most involved bears wounded by, and later approached by, hunters. The northcentral county is perennially the top producer of bears in Pennsylvania. JAY (WGME) -- Residents in Maine are reporting bear attacks on other animals. New England State Symbols | Honoring the Quirky, Unusual, and Delicious, Boston Museum of Fine Arts | New England by the Numbers, Yankee Magazine’s Ultimate New England Winter Guide, Yankee Magazine’s Ultimate New England Summer Guide, 63 Reasons Why We Love the Cape & Islands, Yankee Magazine’s Ultimate Guide to Autumn in New England, A Gingerbread Cottage on Martha’s Vineyard | House for Sale, 5 New England Dishes Everyone Should Know How to Make. While the number of bears harvested by hunters each year is known, the number dying from other causes and the numbers entering the population must be determined by our research. Over the past century, conflicts between bears and humans in Maine have lessened with changes in agricultural practices, the decline of farming, increased interest in bear hunting, and the species’ rise in status as a game animal. The abundance of black bears in Downeast Maine has increased over the past few years, and here at Laney’s Guide Service we have had the privilege to harvest some of the largest bears ever recorded in Maine. Because males often damage their ears while fighting, we also tattoo their inner lip for a permanent mark. Forestland ownership and market conditions are constantly changing as well, which also impacts forest resource management. Cub production has been more consistent in central Maine, where more stable fall food supplies result in nearly half of adult females giving birth each year. There have been several in the bears' wilderness habitats involving hikers, hunters, and campers. In late summer and fall, black bears forage widely to build fat. Closely tracking food production would help us explain year-to-year variations in cub production and survival. About 30,000 black bears (Ursus americanus) live in New England. They have a brown muzzle, and occasionally a white throat or chest patch or "blaze". Bears are intelligent, and adapt rapidly to new food sources, including agricultural crops and food placed to attract other wildlife, such as bird feeders, and untended garbage. Please report any sick or injured bears or orphaned cubs to your local Game Warden or Regional Wildlife Biologist. Hunt in Maine’s vast Highland, Katahdin and Moosehead Region stretching between our Ebeemee Lake base camp, and Mount Katahdin and Moosehead Lake to the north. Although bears eat meat, their diet is primarily vegetarian, including early greening grasses, clover, and the buds of hardwood trees in the spring, fruits and berries in summer, and beechnuts, acorns, and hazelnuts in the fall. The department reports that seeing black bears in southern portions of the state is rare. Therefore, conflicts between bears and farmers, beekeepers and orchardists, and rural residents in the State can occur. And yes, they love honey. They will assess whether the bears in question can be captured and rehabilitated at a private rehabilitation facility. Do not try to capture these bears by yourself. Our management goals and objectives are set by interested members of the public that have reviewed and discussed the latest MDIFW bear assessment (Public Working Group). Bears are … We have learned a lot about bears in Maine over the last 35 years, but we are still discovering new things. After the spring bear hunt in Ontario was closed in 1999, non-resident hunters became more interested in hunting black bears in Maine. Why Hire a Bear Hunting Guide in Maine. They are amazingly adaptable to human presence, and are able to survive in close proximity to housing developments and suburban areas wherever escape cover exists. Radiocollars are helpful for monitoring black bears because their secretive nature makes them difficult to observe. Bears are compact, with stocky legs, small eyes, short, rounded ears, short curved claws, and a short, inconspicuous tail. (BDN) -- Are there mountain lions in Maine?There have been frequent reports about mountain lion or cougar sightings in our state, and always they seem to be met with doubt or outright debunking. The combined effects of all these complex variables on bears are most easily measured by continually monitoring the bears' successes and failures directly in their dens. The abundance of many types of bear foods are affected by weather, which makes predicting the food supply and cub production difficult from year-to-year. For example, if we found that our radiocollared females in our study area in the northern commercial forest were particularly successful in raising their cubs in a given year, then we would assume that other females living in the northern commercial forest were also very successful. In September and October, trappers can set 1 foot snare or cage trap for bears. The remaining 25% comes primarily from hunting and fishing license sales. See our living with wildlife page to learn more about how you can minimize conflicts with bears. They’re the smallest of the North American bear species. Currently, we have three active study areas in northern, north-central and eastern Maine. "It's unsettling to look out your window and see a bear in your backyard," said Falmouth Police Chief John Kilbride. Although males become sexually mature at 1-2 years of age, most do not participate in breeding until they have reached full adult size, at about 4-6 years in Maine. In Maine, black bears are found nearly statewide, but are most common in northern and eastern Maine and are rarely found in the heavily settled southern and central-coastal regions. Even with the additional permit, permit numbers haven’t returned to previous 2000 levels (Table 1). We tag the ears of all cubs and yearlings to identify them. BREWER — Bear sightings are common in Maine. Bears were bountied as vermin until 1957, but were granted game species status in 1969 when mandatory monitoring of annual harvests began. Fax: (207) 287-8094 or (207) 287-6395 The numbers show that your very best chance to shoot a mature Maine black bear is to book with a reputable guide and outfitter. According to the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife’s website, Maine is home to the largest population of black bears in the lower 48 states and they are most active from April 1-Nov. 1. Fewer than 1 percent of Maine’s black bears die in the winter, Cross has found, their lowest mortality of any season (the state’s bear population is estimated at 31,000). The black bear has a straight facial profile and a massive skull. There are only black bears in the wild of the Granite State. But the opposite is true of black bears. This new permit was established to track hunter participation later in the season and to generate a dedicated funding source for bear research and management. Fog is common during June, July, and August. Or the police officers who chased one Tuesday morning in downtown Ellsworth. Boasting the largest black bear population in six decades, Maine black bear numbers are on the increase and estimated to be 25,000 to 30,000 animals, which is far more than any other state in the Eastern United States. These hunters and the rules that control their methods are the tools that managers use to ensure the bear population is not overharvested and to keep the bear population from "crossing the line". "We've had some sightings around Falmouth Rd, Bucknam Rd. Bears are sometimes injured or killed in vehicle collisions. The decline of the bear elsewhere has brought hunters to Maine in ever-increasing numbers. Wildlife officials set traps after bears attack Berwick chicken coop. Because cubs remain with their mother for 16-18 months, female bears do not breed in the summer following the birth of their cubs. Unforeseen disease or insect outbreaks may influence forest composition and harvest strategies in the future. We will consider increasing hunting opportunities to meet bear management goals, if hunter participation continues to decline, especially during the early bear season. By the mid-1800s, wolves were eliminated in northern Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. If you need assistance, view our PDF Help page, or email us. They don’t eat, drink, or excrete waste and are more easily awakened than true hibernators. Bears are not considered efficient predators, but they are known to prey on young deer and moose in late spring, and will consume carrion. In January and February, female bears give birth to 1-4 cubs inside the winter den. Measure cub production and survival difficult to observe a massive skull mid-1800s, wolves were in! 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